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Measurement of eight fenced exclosure plots established in the 1960s in forest on the western side of the Ruahine Forest Park from 1998 to 2005 found some differences between fenced plots and unprotected forest which could be attributed to the effects of browsing ungulates, mainly deer. However the overall condition of the forest appears to have improved since the plots were built.

Total permit issues for the Rimutaka, Tararua, Ruahine and Kaweka forest parks.

This memo summarises available pellet count data from: • New Zealand Forest Service survey lines established in the late 1970s and 1980s • National Monitoring System ‘Tier 1’ terrestrial sampling stations established from 2010 to the present To describe trends in deer abundance and current abundance relative to (i) similar North island conservation lands and (ii) the national range of feral ungulates

This report presents results from measurement of pellet lines in two catchments in the Ruahines. The lines were measured to determine whether red deer use of the area is increasing, in response to an apparent decline in intensity of commercial venison recovery.

This report presents results from measurement of pellet lines in two catchments in the Ruahines. The lines were measured to determine whether red deer use of the area is increasing, in response to an apparent decline in intensity of commercial venison recovery.

This report presents results from the remeasurement of pellet lines in Makawakawa catchment in the Southern Ruahines. The lines were remeasured to determine whether relative deer density in the Makawakawa catchment is increasing.